What is the difference between reformation and counter reformation

How did the Reformation change the church? What were the causes of the Reformation? What is the reformation movement? What happened after the Reformation? Social Changes after the Reformation. What was the Catholic response to the Reformation? What do you mean by Counter Reformation? What was the Counter Reformation in Italy? Where did much of the Counter Reformation take place?

Council of Trent. What was the Catholic church like before the Reformation? The medieval Catholic church. Why did the Roman Catholic Church initiate or begin a counter reformation? What was the Counter Reformation and what role did religious art play in it? What was the religious impact of the Reformation in Europe? How did the Protestant Reformation affect the Catholic Church?

What was the main goal of the Counter Reformation? Similar Asks. Luther denied that anything changed during Holy Communion. Luther thereby challenged one of the central sacraments of the Catholic Church, one of its central miracles, and thereby one of the ways that human beings can achieve grace with God, or salvation.

He was asked to recant to disavow his writings at the Diet of Worms an unfortunate name for a council held by the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms.

When Luther refused, he was excommunicated in other words, expelled from the church. In the Church opened the Council of Trent to deal with the issues raised by Luther. The Council of Trent was an assembly of high officials in the Church who met on and off for eighteen years principally in the Northern Italian town of Trent for 25 sessions.

At the Council of Trent, the Church also reaffirmed the usefulness of images—but indicated that church officials should be careful to promote the correct use of images and guard against the possibility of idolatry.

The Reformation was a very violent period in Europe, even family members were often pitted against one another in the wars of religion. The artists of this period—Michelangelo in Rome, Titian in Venice, Durer in Nuremberg, Cranach in Saxony—were impacted by these changes since the Church had been the single largest patron for artists.

And now art was now being scrutinized in an entirely new way. Protestants on the other hand, for the most part lost the patronage of the Church and religious images sculptures, paintings, stained glass windows etc were destroyed in iconoclastic riots. It is also during this period that the Scientific Revolution gained momentum and observation of the natural world replaced religious doctrine as the source of our understanding of the universe and our place in it.

Copernicus up-ended the ancient Greek model of the heavens by suggesting that the sun was at the center of the solar system and that the planets orbited around it. The Spanish Crown supported an aggressive Catholic identity and agenda and vigorously pursued heretics anyone not practicing Catholicism in line with the teachings of the Church in Rome. The Spanish Inquisition existed specifically to root out those who were not Catholic enough. Though we tend to think of the Inquisition as something confined to the Iberian peninsula Spain and Portugal , it also had a significant impact on Northern Europe.

A branch of the Inquisition operated there which was overseen by Margaret of Parma the illegitimate daughter of Philip II who had been appointed regent and reported to her father. In response to petitions filed by the local nobility, Margaret ended the Inquisition in in an attempt to broker peace and avoid outright rebellion. A group who came to be called the Gueux brought further petitions in to try to end ongoing persecution.

The tensions surrounding religious persecution were made worse by several bad harvests, prolonged and widespread famine, particularly harsh winters, and new taxes. Religious, political, and economic issues were closely intertwined. This was made worse by the widening cultural and linguistic gap between the Spanish Crown and its Flemish subjects.

John the Baptist, here cast as a hedge preacher, almost disappears into the crowd; Jesus, who he is introducing, is even less noticeable. Typically for Bruegel, the crowd of people gathered to listen to the speaker are from all walks of life and dressed in contemporary Flemish clothing.

One face stands out in the crowd because he unexpectedly faces the viewer: a man in a black hat having his palm read in the foreground. He would have been identifiable to contemporary viewers as dressed in a Spanish mode, and fortune telling would have been seen as corrupt and popish. The Spaniard alone ignores the humble John the Baptist in favor of giving in to superstitious practices, while two monks in the front right look on with expressions that could be interpreted as jeers and skepticism.

The hedge preachers were at least partially responsible for the ignition of the Beeldenstorm , the sudden outbreak of violence against religious images that began in the summer of and spread throughout the Low Countries. In response to their anti-Catholic preaching, violence began in West Flanders and radiated outward. In some towns, it was outright mob violence: groups of people burst into churches, smashing windows and sculptures.

In other cities, the destruction of religious images was systematic and either openly or covertly supported by the local government.

In some cases, the iconoclasts and the local Catholic Church officials negotiated for the survival of certain artworks. It was a fever that spread throughout the Low Countries, leaving few towns untouched by the sudden explosion of anti-image sentiment. According to Alistair Duke, the destruction of images functioned as a ritualistic act intended to prove to both Catholics and Protestants that the images were powerless.

If images were indeed sacred conduits that connected the faithful to God, they would defend themselves; since it was possible to destroy them, they were therefore earthly vanity and merely distractions from truth.

To destroy the objects and ritually humiliate them was to reject the broader political and religious structures they represented, as well.

Sculptures were torn down from their niches, windows were smashed, and altars and shrines were disassembled and burned. When the sculptures were part of the fabric of the building and could not be easily removed, the heads of the figures were hacked off. Examples reflecting this kind of violence remain visible in churches throughout the Northern Low Countries inside previously Catholic, now Protestant churches. Iconoclasm in was not just the result of doctrinal disagreement about the nature of religious imagery and the interpretation of biblical text.

It was instead a response to intertwined issues of politics, religious oppression, and economic factors. It was one spark that helped ignite the flames of the Eighty Years War, a war that ultimately resulted in the split between the northern Calvinist provinces of the Dutch Republic and the southern Catholic province that remained connected to Spain.

As much as the violence of the Beeldenstorm itself may have been short-lived, the broader cultural and historical changes that cascaded as a result had permanent and far-reaching consequences. Reformation and Counter-Reformation How do you get to heaven?

The Protestant Reformation by DR. The Church and the state So, if we go back to the year , the Church what we now call the Roman Catholic Church was very powerful politically and spiritually in Western Europe and in fact ruled over significant territory in Italy called the Papal States.

Indulgences The sale of indulgences was a practice where the church acknowledged a donation or other charitable work with a piece of paper an indulgence , that certified that your soul would enter heaven more quickly by reducing your time in purgatory. Faith alone Martin Luther was very devout and had experienced a spiritual crisis. Scripture alone Luther and other reformers turned to the Bible as the only reliable source of instruction as opposed to the teachings of the Church. They affirmed, in other words, their Doctrine of Merit, which allows human beings to redeem themselves through Good Works, and through the sacraments.

They reaffirmed the belief in transubstantiation and the importance of all seven sacraments They reaffirmed the authority of both scripture the teachings and traditions of the Church They reaffirmed the necessity and correctness of religious art see below. The Council of Trent on religious art At the Council of Trent, the Church also reaffirmed the usefulness of images —but indicated that church officials should be careful to promote the correct use of images and guard against the possibility of idolatry.

Violence The Reformation was a very violent period in Europe, even family members were often pitted against one another in the wars of religion. Other developments It is also during this period that the Scientific Revolution gained momentum and observation of the natural world replaced religious doctrine as the source of our understanding of the universe and our place in it. The most influential image of the Lutheran Reformation These questions are answered in a surprising kind of picture called The Law and the Gospel full image below, detail above , originally painted by the artist Lucas Cranach the Elder in The role of art A decisive difference between Catholics and followers of Luther was the question of how to get to heaven, and what role, if any, religious art could play.

How did the Reformation change the church? What happened after the Reformation? Social Changes after the Reformation. What is the reformation movement? What was the Catholic church like before the Reformation? The medieval Catholic church. Where did the reformation begin?

What were the effects of the Catholic Counter Reformation? What was the goal of the Counter Reformation? Why did the Roman Catholic Church initiate or begin a counter reformation? What is reformation of the Catholic Church? When was the Catholic Counter Reformation? Why did the Catholic Church convict Protestants of heresy?

What do you mean by Counter Reformation? What was the impact of the Council of Trent on the Catholic Church? What problems in the church contributed to the Protestant Reformation? Similar Asks.